The philosophy of learning throughout life is anything but modern. Ancient societies all over the world have emphasized the need to learn from the cradle to the grave. Today in the 21st century, we find ourselves anew amidst the loud voices proclaiming the importance of lifelong learning. What is clear is that the context of lifelong learning has changed and the utopian and generous vision hitherto characterizing lifelong learning has now become a necessary guiding and organizing principle of education reforms. It is recognized today as an indispensable tool to enable education to face its...

Welcome to the Learning Festivals Guide, an internationally-produced communication tool in support of the launch of the International Adult Learners’ Week.

The Guide has several aims:

◗ to strengthen International Literacy Day, recognising that the basic learning needs of all people of all ages should be met in each and every developing and developed country;

◗ to share the experiences of educators from around the world who have seen the value of using promotional campaigns to encourage learning by all;

◗ to inspire more countries to join the movement...

There are more than a hundred nationalities living in Russia. Indigenous peoples in Russia are now officially considered as 30 small-numbered nations which historically are settled in the huge territory of the North from the White sea in the west up to Bering Strait in the east. Each northern ethnic group has it own history and problems. They vary much from each other by number type of settlement, presence or absence of their own autonomy, ethnicity, geographical and climate condition, language etc. They practice a wide range of economic activities such as hunters, reindeer breeders,...

Adult education programs for indigenous peoples in The Philippines used to be the monopoly of the church, mainly the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches. Indigenous peoples were given basic literacy training to enable them to write their names. Numeracy was also given importance to prevent the people from being cheated of their products by non-indigenous traders. To uplift the economic situation of the people, the church included the formation of cooperatives and training in agricultural techniques in their programmes.

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